ABSTRACT
Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate patients' pain levels during four different debonding procedures. The null hypothesis was that the pain perception of the patients undergoing four different debonding applications was not statistically significant different. Material and Methods One hundred and twenty orthodontic patients who underwent orthodontic debonding were included in this study. The patients were randomly divided into 4 groups according to technique used in the patients. Debonding groups were as follows: Group 1) Conventional debonding group, Group 2) Medication group (acetaminophen was given 1 hour before debonding), Group 3) Soft bite wax group, and Group 4) Soft acrylic bite wafer group. The patients' levels of anxiety and fear of pain were evaluated before debonding, and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) was applied to evaluate their pain perception during debonding. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to evaluate non-normally distributed data. Categorical data analysis were carried by chi-square and McNemar tests. The significance level was set at p<0.05. Results Anxiety scores of the patients were not statistically significant between both genders and debonding groups. In the quadrants in which the patients were perceived, the highest pain level was in the left side of the mandible. The teeth in which the highest pain level was perceived were the lower left and upper right lateral incisors. Although there was no statistically significant difference among the pain scores of the patients in each group, quadrant scores of female patients showed significant differences, being the lowest scores in the soft bite wax group. Conclusions Majority of the patients had no fear of pain before debonding. Pain levels of the patients in the conventional debonding group were not significantly different from those of the other groups, except quadrant scores of females in the soft bite wax group. The null hypothesis was accepted.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Toothache/etiology , Orthodontic Brackets/adverse effects , Dental Debonding/adverse effects , Pain Perception , Reference Values , Toothache/psychology , Bite Force , Pain Measurement/methods , Prospective Studies , Age Factors , Dental Debonding/methods , Dental Debonding/psychology , Dental Anxiety/physiopathology , Statistics, NonparametricABSTRACT
Abstract Dental treatment promotes psychosomatic change that can influence the procedure and compromise the general well-being of the patient. In this context, it highlights the importance of evaluating the function of the autonomic nervous system in individuals undergoing endodontic treatment. Thus, this manuscript aimed to analyse cardiac autonomic modulation, through non-linear indices of heart rate variability (HRV) during endodontic treatment. Analysis of 50 subjects of either sex aged between 18 and 40 years diagnosed with irreversible pulp necrosis of lower molars undergoing endodontic treatment was undertaken. We carried out fractal and symbolic analysis of HRV, which was recorded in the first session of the endodontic treatment at four intervals: T1: 0-10 min before the onset of the treatment session; T2: 0-10 min after the application of anaesthesia; T3: throughout the period of treatment; and T4: 0-30 min after the end of the treatment session. There was reduction of α1 in T2 compared to T1 and T4 (p < 0.0001). The α2 index also reduced in T2 compared to T3 (p = 0.0035). There was an increase in the α1/α2 ratio in T4 compared to T2 and T3 (p = 0.0003). It was found that 0V% was significantly lower in T2 (p = 0.002), while 2UV% was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) when compared to other points in time. In conclusion, HRV is reduced during endodontic treatment, and after applying local anaesthetic the parasympathetic component of HRV increases. These data indicate that endodontic treatment acutely overcharges the heart, supporting the stress involved in this situation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Root Canal Therapy/psychology , Heart Rate/physiology , Autonomic Nervous System/drug effects , Autonomic Nervous System/physiology , Stress, Psychological/physiopathology , Time Factors , Analysis of Variance , Dental Anxiety/physiopathology , Fractals , Statistics, Nonparametric , Heart Rate/drug effects , Anesthesia, LocalABSTRACT
Anxiety is a special variety of fear, experienced in anticipation of threatening stimuli. While some research workers have said that the response of a child improves with the number of visits, many have felt otherwise. The present study is yet another effort to find the patterns of anxiety in children during sequential dental visits. The main aim was to determine the physiological and behavioral variations during sequential dental visits and its impact on age and sex. The study was conducted at the outpatient Department of Pedodontics and preventive dentistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai to evaluate the physiological and behavioural measures of stress and anxiety in children. One hundred and fifteen children, between four and eleven years of age who reported for dental treatment were selected for the study.
Subject(s)
Age Factors , Blood Pressure/physiology , Child , Child Behavior , Child, Preschool , Cooperative Behavior , Dental Anxiety/physiopathology , Dental Care/psychology , Dental Cavity Preparation , Dental Prophylaxis , Family Characteristics , Female , Heart Rate/physiology , Humans , Male , Oxygen/blood , Sex Factors , Social Class , Tooth ExtractionSubject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Dental Care for Children/psychology , Psychology, Child/methods , Dental Anxiety/classification , Dental Anxiety/etiology , Dental Anxiety/physiopathology , Dental Anxiety/prevention & control , Dental Anxiety/therapy , Crying , Suction/psychologyABSTRACT
The study was conducted among 50 children in the age group of 8-9 yrs. to evaluate the anxiety producing dental procedures in the dental operatory viz. waiting at the reception area, examination in the dental chairs, scaling, polishing, cavity cutting, injection, extraction and post extraction period. The pulse rates were very high during local anaesthesia, extraction, waiting at reception and examination. A significant correlation was observed between the pulse rate and blood pressure.